In this section, I review the methods literature on the process of audio (and video) transcription as part of qualitative research on the third sector, focusing on three key areas-how transcription is undertaken, epistemological and ethical considerations, and the role of technology. For many qualitative researchers, transcription has become a fairly taken-for-granted aspect of the research process. Finally, I propose a framework for qualitative third sector researchers to include transcription as part of their research design and elements to consider in including descriptions of the transcription process in writing up qualitative research.Īt a basic level, transcription refers to the transformation of recorded audio (usually spoken word) into a written form that can be used to analyze a particular phenomenon or event (Duranti, 2006). Next, I report on a review undertaken of recent qualitative research articles in Voluntas and the way that authors discuss transcription in these articles. First, I review the qualitative methods literature on audio transcription and the key themes that arise.
In this article, I explore the place of transcription in qualitative research, with a focus on the importance of this process for third sector researchers. These technological advances in transcription, along with shifts in the way that research is undertaken (for example, increasingly via video conferencing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic), mean that the need to critically reflect upon the place of transcription in third sector research is more urgent.
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As technology to facilitate transcription improves, many researchers have shifted to using voice-to-text software and companies that employ AI rather than human transcription. Despite advances made in qualitative methodologies and increasing attention to positionality, subjectivity and reliability in qualitative data analysis, the transcription of interviews and focus groups is often presented uncritically as a direct conversion of recorded audio to text. While there is a vast literature that considers the collection and the analysis of qualitative data, there has been comparatively limited attention paid to audio transcription, which is the conversion of recorded audio material into a written form that can be analyzed. In order to ensure rigor, qualitative researchers devote considerable time to developing interview guides, consent forms and coding frameworks. Within the field of research, a large percentage (between 40–80%) of studies employ qualitative methods such as interviews, focus groups and ethnographic observations (von Schnurbein et al., 2018). The field of third sector studies is inherently interdisciplinary, with studies from political science, management, sociology and social work, among others.
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